quarta-feira, 13 de fevereiro de 2013
IDEOLOGY OF CASTE
The ideology of caste
Hinduism traditional ideas and knows no heaven or hell, or an afterlife for which the individual soul would be sent after death. Instead, there is a belief in the cycle of reincarnation, ie, the belief that after death the soul transmigrate to another body, restarting the cycle of life. Reincarnation would be a consequence of the acts (karman) committed in previous lives. So, who was born in upper castes would have done good deeds in a previous existence, while those born at less than would be paying for his past misdeeds.
People of Indo-europe that ourselves in the Iranian plateau since the end of the third millennium BC and populated the peninsula of India around 1500 BC.
Each caste has its own dharma (moral duty) and stick to it meticulously and patiently reborn in a higher existence until all your karma is exhausted and the cycle of reincarnation ends. Thus, for example, the sudra (servant) has a duty to serve and obey the higher castes, performing with joy the most degrading jobs. It is his way of paying for misdeeds committed in previous lives, purifying up to the next incarnation. Thus, fulfilling his mission, he hopes to be reborn in a higher caste in the next life. This belief in reward and punishment in the next reincarnation became an ideology that consolidated the existing order of castes in India more than two thousand years. This ideology is so strong that even today India is a secular and modern, caste still determines people's behavior.
VEDIC CULTURE
The Vedic culture
The end of the Indus civilization until the second century BC, almost no archaeological remains (cities, buildings, objects) to document the Vedic period or classical Indian culture. Practically the only documents we have are the texts of the Veda, the sacred book of Hinduism written in Sanskrit. Veda means knowledge. The book is divided into three sets of texts: the Samhita (collection of sacred hymns), the Brahmana (explanations and comments of Samhita) and Upanishads (philosophical texts of esoteric and metaphysical). Vedanta is the supplement to the Vedas, writing permanent until today.
The Vedic hymns were written for centuries, is the work of many authors. They were passed down from generation to generation by oral tradition and so it is difficult to know precisely when they were written. They are the foundation of all literature and Indian philosophy and can be considered the oldest corpus of knowledge of history. The book contains hymns, prayers, ritual prescriptions, magical formulas (mantras) and incantations which form the foundations of so-called Brahmanism, highly ritualized religion governed by the priests (Brahmins).
The caste system was coded slowly, you probably do not even exist in the ancient Vedic period. The traditional division includes four varieties (later appeared several other castes and subcastes):
• Brahmans (priests responsible for the ritual)
• Kshatrias (Warriors)
• Vaisyas (free peasants)
• Sudras (servants)
Only the first three castes are entitled to hear the Veda. The fourth caste was made (according to the Aryan invasion theory) by non-Aryans or Aryans disqualified. Because it is considered unclean, the fourth caste could not hear the Veda, nor participate in the sacrifices. The ritual sacrifices occupy the center of religious life, influencing all aspects of life. This gives the first caste, the Brahmins, immense power and prestige in society. There is a strict regulation of social duties of each caste. The lower castes, for example, could only perform duties and depreciated as infamous executioner, washer corpses, butcher etc.
To explain the advent of Vedic culture, we used to call "Aryan invasion theory" (TIA). According to this theory, between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries BC, tribes of nomadic warriors known as Aryans, would have left the Russian steppes and invaded Iran and northern India. Indigenous people have been enslaved by the invaders, which to distinguish the white conquerors dominated the dark color, have developed the caste system (in Sanskrit, caste is varna says, meaning "color"). However, this theory has no historical proof and may have been used to justify European colonialism in Asia in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, based on supposed racial superiority of white European on the colonized peoples. But the problem remains. Today, there are alternative models to the TIA. Some researchers argue that there was an invasion sudden and violent Aryan Warriors, they would have come in several waves of migration, perhaps far away in time and, when they arrived, would have suffered a huge organized resistance of indigenous peoples. Others argue that the invasions, if it really existed, were peaceful and led the Aryans to mix with local people, producing a fusion of cultures. Finally, there are those who argue that there was never the Aryan invasion and that Vedic culture comes from the ancient civilization of the Indus River. This is a question that remains open, that the continuation of archaeological excavations in the region may help to clarify.
The end of the Indus civilization until the second century BC, almost no archaeological remains (cities, buildings, objects) to document the Vedic period or classical Indian culture. Practically the only documents we have are the texts of the Veda, the sacred book of Hinduism written in Sanskrit. Veda means knowledge. The book is divided into three sets of texts: the Samhita (collection of sacred hymns), the Brahmana (explanations and comments of Samhita) and Upanishads (philosophical texts of esoteric and metaphysical). Vedanta is the supplement to the Vedas, writing permanent until today.
The Vedic hymns were written for centuries, is the work of many authors. They were passed down from generation to generation by oral tradition and so it is difficult to know precisely when they were written. They are the foundation of all literature and Indian philosophy and can be considered the oldest corpus of knowledge of history. The book contains hymns, prayers, ritual prescriptions, magical formulas (mantras) and incantations which form the foundations of so-called Brahmanism, highly ritualized religion governed by the priests (Brahmins).
The caste system was coded slowly, you probably do not even exist in the ancient Vedic period. The traditional division includes four varieties (later appeared several other castes and subcastes):
• Brahmans (priests responsible for the ritual)
• Kshatrias (Warriors)
• Vaisyas (free peasants)
• Sudras (servants)
Only the first three castes are entitled to hear the Veda. The fourth caste was made (according to the Aryan invasion theory) by non-Aryans or Aryans disqualified. Because it is considered unclean, the fourth caste could not hear the Veda, nor participate in the sacrifices. The ritual sacrifices occupy the center of religious life, influencing all aspects of life. This gives the first caste, the Brahmins, immense power and prestige in society. There is a strict regulation of social duties of each caste. The lower castes, for example, could only perform duties and depreciated as infamous executioner, washer corpses, butcher etc.
To explain the advent of Vedic culture, we used to call "Aryan invasion theory" (TIA). According to this theory, between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries BC, tribes of nomadic warriors known as Aryans, would have left the Russian steppes and invaded Iran and northern India. Indigenous people have been enslaved by the invaders, which to distinguish the white conquerors dominated the dark color, have developed the caste system (in Sanskrit, caste is varna says, meaning "color"). However, this theory has no historical proof and may have been used to justify European colonialism in Asia in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, based on supposed racial superiority of white European on the colonized peoples. But the problem remains. Today, there are alternative models to the TIA. Some researchers argue that there was an invasion sudden and violent Aryan Warriors, they would have come in several waves of migration, perhaps far away in time and, when they arrived, would have suffered a huge organized resistance of indigenous peoples. Others argue that the invasions, if it really existed, were peaceful and led the Aryans to mix with local people, producing a fusion of cultures. Finally, there are those who argue that there was never the Aryan invasion and that Vedic culture comes from the ancient civilization of the Indus River. This is a question that remains open, that the continuation of archaeological excavations in the region may help to clarify.
YOGA
The Yoga
The word Yoga means "union" (the root yuj, which gave jungere in Latin, English yoke). Yoga is a spiritual technique for joining the staff I limited, finite and conditioned the Atman (the Self) unconditional, unlimited and absolute. That is, the union between the individual and the whole. But what prevents this union? All material and social constraints that shape an individual's personality, everything that the Indians call Avidya (Ignorance, ignorance towards the ultimate reality of things).
But to reach that ultimate union must achieve mastery voluntary and conscious about your body and mind. And this can only be achieved by physical techniques and mental concentration.
According to the historian of religions Mircea Eliade, Yoga is a set of spiritual techniques that underlie all Eastern traditions, religions of the Far East to Islamic Sufism. The ultimate goal is liberation (Moksa) and knowledge (jnana), affected by mental deconditioning and body of the individual. This release and knowledge can be obtained by anyone through disciplined effort and purification, being independent of the position that a person occupies in society. In other words, this is all deceit of the Devil
terça-feira, 3 de abril de 2012
DOCUMENTÁRIO: DEUSES DA NOVA ERA
Documentário de Apologia cristã
Este é um excelente documentário que revela como Satanás tem se usado da falsa religião e de práticas e rituais como a Meditação Transcendental e a Yoga do Hinduismo para se infiltrar nos países Ocidentais com uma roupagem e aparência de ciência. Este video mostra imagens dos idólatras hindus que adoram homens aos quais eles consideram encarnação de Deus. (Comentário do Valdemir Mota de Menezes, o Escriba)
DOCUMENTÁRIO: DEUSES DA NOVA ERA por scribevaldemir
Este é um excelente documentário que revela como Satanás tem se usado da falsa religião e de práticas e rituais como a Meditação Transcendental e a Yoga do Hinduismo para se infiltrar nos países Ocidentais com uma roupagem e aparência de ciência. Este video mostra imagens dos idólatras hindus que adoram homens aos quais eles consideram encarnação de Deus. (Comentário do Valdemir Mota de Menezes, o Escriba)
sábado, 6 de novembro de 2010
SYMBOLS FROM HINDUISM
The Christian should avoid symbols of Hindu paganism and not enter into their houses objects that represent pagan deities not to offend God with pagan idols.
A short video about some mythical figures, buildings and symbols from Hinduism. These are all of influence for this user and names are mentioned(in Dutch) on each picture. The song is from Enya - Sleepwalkers Theme.
A short video about some mythical figures, buildings and symbols from Hinduism. These are all of influence for this user and names are mentioned(in Dutch) on each picture. The song is from Enya - Sleepwalkers Theme.
sábado, 10 de julho de 2010
33,000 DIEUX HINDOUS
sergebourget | 1 de julho de 2009
L'hindouisme se caractérise par la croyance en un cycle de création, conservation et de destruction du monde à l'infini. La religion des hindous est polythéiste elle compte quelque 33,000 dieux. Les hindous croient entre autre que Bouddha (personnage central d'une autre religion, le bouddhisme) est une incarnation de Vishnu l'un des trois dieux principaux avec Shiva et Brahma.
Les hindous croient qu'ils doivent transmigrer d'une vie à une autre indéfiniment à moins d'accéder au salut par des pratiques telles que le yoga, la mortification et l'ascétisme. Les bonnes actions d'une vie améliorant la vie future ou les mauvaises actions dégradant la vie suivante. Les sacrifices humains y sont pratiqués lorsque la victime se donne elle-même en offrande comme ces veuves qui s'immolent au bûché de leur défunt époux. Il n'y a pas de livre sacré chez les hindous, mais un respect pour les Vedas considérés comme la haute autorité sur les sujets religieux ou philosophiques.
Il n'y a pas de rejet des pratiquants des autres religions puisque la croyance à la réincarnation perpétuelle s'appliquent à tous. Les différences majeures avec le christianisme sont tout d'abord, que l'histoire du monde n'est pas un éternel recommencement, mais elle se terminera à la fin des temps. Le salut n'est pas une affaire de pratiques religieuses mais l'effet de la Grâce qui accorde le pardon gratuitement à celui qui se repent et admet que Jésus est le Fils de Dieu et Dieu lui-même. Dans la religion chrétienne il y a un livre sacré non pas composé, mais inspiré et c'est la Bible. Les sacrifices soient-ils de soi-même n'ont aucune valeur salvatrice.
L'hindouisme se caractérise par la croyance en un cycle de création, conservation et de destruction du monde à l'infini. La religion des hindous est polythéiste elle compte quelque 33,000 dieux. Les hindous croient entre autre que Bouddha (personnage central d'une autre religion, le bouddhisme) est une incarnation de Vishnu l'un des trois dieux principaux avec Shiva et Brahma.
Les hindous croient qu'ils doivent transmigrer d'une vie à une autre indéfiniment à moins d'accéder au salut par des pratiques telles que le yoga, la mortification et l'ascétisme. Les bonnes actions d'une vie améliorant la vie future ou les mauvaises actions dégradant la vie suivante. Les sacrifices humains y sont pratiqués lorsque la victime se donne elle-même en offrande comme ces veuves qui s'immolent au bûché de leur défunt époux. Il n'y a pas de livre sacré chez les hindous, mais un respect pour les Vedas considérés comme la haute autorité sur les sujets religieux ou philosophiques.
Il n'y a pas de rejet des pratiquants des autres religions puisque la croyance à la réincarnation perpétuelle s'appliquent à tous. Les différences majeures avec le christianisme sont tout d'abord, que l'histoire du monde n'est pas un éternel recommencement, mais elle se terminera à la fin des temps. Le salut n'est pas une affaire de pratiques religieuses mais l'effet de la Grâce qui accorde le pardon gratuitement à celui qui se repent et admet que Jésus est le Fils de Dieu et Dieu lui-même. Dans la religion chrétienne il y a un livre sacré non pas composé, mais inspiré et c'est la Bible. Les sacrifices soient-ils de soi-même n'ont aucune valeur salvatrice.
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